For turning CO₂ into valuable chemicals, the reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction offers a promising solution by converting CO₂ and H₂ into CO and H₂O. Thermodynamic challenges, catalytic mechanisms, and an overview of the technological readiness of various RWGS implementation approaches across different scales are presented and discussed.

Abstract

The reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction offers a promising pathway for CO₂ utilization by converting CO₂ and H₂ into CO and H₂O. This review explores the thermodynamic challenges of the RWGS process, emphasizing the need for high temperatures to suppress side reactions such as methane and coke formation. For catalytic RWGS reaction, reaction mechanism and catalytic materials are discussed together with kinetic models to provide an insight into RWGS performance under varying conditions. Catalyst deactivation mechanisms, particularly metal sintering and coke deposition, are addressed, with strategies for enhancing catalyst longevity through material optimization. RWGS applications are discussed, demonstrating the potential for integrating RWGS into industrial settings.