The work reviews the influence of dipoles on perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and their characterization methods, mainly focusing on the mechanism of dipole effects on improving the performance of PSCs and film quality.

Abstract

Interface modification and bulk doping are two major strategies to improve the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Dipolar molecules are highly favored due to their unique dipolarity. This review discusses the basic concepts and characteristics of dipoles. In addition, the role of dipoles in PSCs and the corresponding conventional characterization methods for dipoles are introduced. Then, we systematically summarize the latest progress in achieving efficient and stable PSCs in dipole materials at several key interfaces. Finally, we look forward to the future application directions of dipole molecules in PSCs, aiming at providing deep insight and inspiration for developing efficient and stable PSCs.